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Following the grounding of the mv Mi Amigo, Radio Caroline South was silent. Fortunately no one had been hurt in the incident but the ship needed a thorough overhaul. She was taken to Holland for this very necessary work. It looked as if the station was going to be off the air for quite some time, when, out of the blue, came the offer of a replacement ship. This unexpected gesture came from Mrs. Britt Wadner, owner of the Swedish Radio Syd. Her ship was currently off the air because of pack ice in the sea around the station's normal anchorage. The ship was languishing, silent, off the Dutch coast. Not surprisingly, the Radio Caroline directors jumped at the offer. At the time, for some reason, it was reported that the vessel was being lent free of charge. In fact rent of around £700 a week was paid. Radio Syd's ship, the Cheeta II, set sail for England and took up the Mi Amigo's position off the coast. Radio Syd normally broadcast to Sweden on VHF-FM. This waveband was not widely used in Britain at the time so one of the Mi Amigo's 10 kilowatt medium wave transmitters was brought back from Holland on a tender and installed by the engineering staff. They also rigged a temporary aerial for the AM signal. DJ Colin Nicol was sent out to the ship to help get the studio set up in the way that the Caroline jocks were used to. On 12th February 1966, after a break of less than a month, Caroline South was back on the air, although at a lower power than usual. Engineer George Saunders worked on board the Cheeta II with Colin and both share their memories here. George first:
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“Our temporary replacement ship, Radio Syd's Cheeta II, had been forced from the Baltic by
severe icing. A bit of the ship's history: She had been build in 1924 in Norway. Previously known as the Mosken,
she had been used as an inter-island ferry for the Norwegian fjords and islands. In 1960 she had been bought by the
company operating the Danish station, Radio Mercur. She replaced the station's original vessel, the Cheeta, and was
therefore renamed the Cheeta II. The original Cheeta was bought by Mrs. Britt Wadner who started a Swedish station called
Radio Syd.
The Scandinavian governments acted against their offshore stations and passed legislation to outlaw them. The new law came
into force on 31st July 1962. Radio Mercur and the Swedish Radio Nord closed down but Radio Syd continued. Mrs Wadner later
bought the Cheeta II to replace her original ship.
Working outside the law proved difficult and a number of advertisers were prosecuted. Mrs. Wadner even spent some time in
prison. The Cheeta II broadcast until January 1966 from off the coast of Sweden. She made history in December 1965 by being
the first ship-borne television station. She had a ship-built UHF TV transmitter, using Channel 41 and a clever
aerial system. I saw all the kit when I was on her. The official reason for her closure was because of the severe Baltic
weather. It was thought that the thick ice would damage her thin plates so she had to move to warmer waters. But
another aspect was that the Swedish government had tightened up its already tight legislation against maritime broadcasting.
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The ship's interior was quite nice but very old-fashioned. A long mahogany-lined passageway was below deck, with
brass fittings and bevelled-glass panels in doors leading into her public rooms.
The TV studio was in her hold. They had all the gear, including lighting etc. This was where we established the temporary
Radio Caroline South. Most of our kit was spread out on boxes (tea chests, etc.) with connecting leads in between.
The transmitter was all in pieces, all opened up with no protection (EET 7,000 volts!) because it had
suffered water damage on the Mi Amigo. We made use of their studios but a lot of modification was needed because their style
of programming was totally different. They had no Spotmaster cartridge machines and didn't use the one man self-op
DJ style at all. It was just like the BBC - the presenter was on one side of a double-glazed window and the
control room staff were on the other!
The Cheeta's generators weren't powerful enough to run our gear so we transferred our General Motors 75 kV diesel
alternator across from the Mi Amigo to her.”
And Colin's memories:
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“My overall memory of my tour of duty aboard Cheeta II was of happy times. They are good memories,
so much so that when my job of helping convert the ship to Radio Caroline South was finished and the rest of the DJs coming
aboard became a reality, I decided I was finished with pirate radio as well. My quote from that moment was along the lines
that I felt it was not just last days for me but for pirate radio itself.
The other strong recollection is of the factor coincidence brought to play in having the Swedish pirate ship available just
after Mi Amigo went aground. That the Radio Syd ship was available at the right moment was due to the fact of the bad winter
freezing the Baltic coupled with renewed pressure against the ‘Swedish Pirate Queen’ Britt Wadner by her government.
After hacking off ice from their ship, the decision was made to head south to set up afresh off Gambia on Africa's west
coast, which meant Cheeta II was moving toward the English Channel at the time Ronan O'Rahilly made contact and did the
deal that gave Caroline South an emergency home until Mi Amigo was repaired in Holland. I was sent aboard with the technicians
to make sure the adaptation of the equipment was to our requirements. No doubt I was meant to be a presence and to represent
the programming side as well.
The ship was cosy and friendly. Especially so since apart from the Caroline techs and myself, it had only its basic crew,
along with Britt's son Kalle. He and I became friends and I still remember him with sadness because of his tragic end.
Of all luxuries, I had a neat little single-berth cabin to myself. The Swedes were good company, the food better than I
had been used to on Caroline and there was not a lot for me to do during my long stay aboard. My recollection is that it was
about nine weeks and I believe it was, but that does seem a long period.
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However there was much to be done on the technical side: shipping the transmitter over from Mi Amigo at Scheveningen
along with other equipment and getting it all aboard. I remember how tricky that was and can still picture the moment as we
lowered away and cautiously eased the valuable and delicate bulk into the hold. One slip and it could have been all over for
Caroline South. We were on the high seas after all. Then the complicated and highly technical puzzle of how to design and
install an antenna that would radiate sufficiently effectively.
Radio Syd had been an FM station and had not required a very high or complicated transmitting mast. There was no tall tower
as Caroline had required for AM broadcasting over any worthwhile area of coverage. The Caroline South folded dipole system
was not applicable to this temporary set-up. All that could be done was to adapt what was there and that meant rigging
copper cables between the ship's masts fore and aft and tuning the transmitter to that array. It worked, as history
attests, thanks to the brilliance of our technicians.
(Web-master's note: Although the Caroline technicians were undoubtedly brilliant, the low masts on
the Cheeta II meant that the aerial array could only be, in George's words, ‘a lash-up’. Apparently
sparks flew if any sort of high power was attempted. As a result Caroline was only able to broadcast from the temporary home
on reduced power. Night-time reception was impossible so transmission hours were shortened. But Caroline was back on
the air and, even at low power, this was considerably better than nothing.)
The more I look back on the history of pirate radio the more I realise how much Radio Atlanta and consequently Radio Caroline
owed to the creators of Radio Syd and its predecessor Radio Mercur. Many of their original plans sprang from what had been
introduced by the Swedish. That other great innovator of shipboard broadcasting, the Dutch Radio Veronica, must also not be
forgotten as central to the innovations that resulted in the advent of British offshore radio. More than a generation later,
they are all still well remembered, and missed.”
Colin describes the Cheeta II as cosy and friendly. George has rather different memories:
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“The Cheeta II was a technical nightmare. Everything that could go wrong did so. We were cold,
power failed frequently, water supply was irregular, and breakdowns in our gear - which had seriously suffered in its
transfer - were very frequent. I did not enjoy life on the Cheeta II. It really was most unpleasant. I've never,
in the whole of my professional life before or since known so many breakdowns. Even basic ship services like water and
electric lighting failed for quite long periods. I've often quietly wondered whether it was deliberate or simply
because everything was worn out! Apparently everything had worked perfectly when she was off Sweden earlier in January
1965. Very strange!
Our relations with the Swedish crew were interesting and totally different from those with the Dutch crew on the Mi Amigo.
The Dutch were generally extrovert and we had conversations with them at meal times. The Swedish crew were almost silent
with no conversation at all even among themselves. I don't now if they resented out presence on board or being off
England or what.
One bitterly cold night we sat (or huddled) in an ornate mahogany and brass Victorian-style lounge with only
a 1 kilowatt electric fire element suspended by its wires from the ceiling for both heat and light!”
After helping to set up the studio on the Cheeta II, Colin left the station. Disc-jockeys Tom Lodge, Norman St.John, Tim Yale and Tony Blackburn arrived, later joined by others such as Tony Prince, Tommy Vance and Emperor Rosko. Test transmissions started on the afternoon of 12th February 1966 with regular programmes the following day.
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Tony Blackburn shares George's memories of the Cheeta II being a miserable place to work. In his autobiography,
Tony Blackburn -
The Living Legend (published by Comet) he wrote: “We had to broadcast from a borrowed ship
called the Cheetah II which never did work properly and most of the time we were off the air. We had no water or heating
on the Cheetah II. It was the middle of winter and I was totally fed up. I was on board with Tommy Vance, as the other DJs
were on shore recuperating from the shock of almost being drowned. I suggested to Tommy that he should go to London and
tell our management at Caroline House how dreadful conditions were on the Cheetah II. The moment Tommy left, of course,
turned out to be the one time the transmitter worked properly and I was on air non-stop for about eight hours. I fell
asleep while one record was on and had to be woken up just before it ended so I could continue the show. At that time I
made the classic broadcaster's mistake. I thought the ship was off air and in desperation I opened my microphone and said
‘This is Radio Bullshit’. We received a lot of letters from listeners afterwards saying how much they'd enjoyed
it.”
Tony was not the only one to inadvertently broadcast a swear word during this problematic period. Norman St.John:
“We had many transmitter problems and, whilst in the company of Graham Webb, I believed
that we had gone OFF the air again, for about the sixth time in as many minutes. At this time I said ‘Oh F***’
but it appears we were ON the air! I had many letters but all were in good spirit as things at that particular time
were very difficult for Radio Caroline. I also remember distilling our own spirits by boiling Heineken Beer. I can't
say we drank much of it as even though times were tough we all, to my knowledge, never broadcast whilst under the influence.”
Graham Webb broadcasting from the Cheeta II in February 1966 - and demonstraing the problems they were facing:
off the air yesterday and no news today. Tape kindly provided by Nigel Fell (duration 1 minute 47 seconds)
Tony Blackburn on a Caroline South Breakfast Show from late March/early April 1966. This recording kindly donated by
Harm Koenders of The Offshore Radio
Archive (duration 2 minutes 50 seconds)The Mi Amigo returned from her refitting in April 1966. The story continues here.
Many thanks to George, Colin and Norman for sharing their memories and to Colin for the photos.
For more on the Cheeta II, see The Offshore Radio
Guide.
